Which combination represents known risk factors for prostate cancer?

Which combination represents known risk factors for prostate cancer?

• A. Increasing age; Black ethnicity; Family history
• B. Young age; Asian ethnicity; No family history
• C. Regular exercise; Vegetarian diet; No family history
• D. Diet high in red meat always causes cancer

Answer: (A)

Prostate cancer risk rises with age, is higher in Black men, and increases if there is a family history. As men get older, the likelihood of diagnosis grows, with most cases in later life. Black ethnicity carries a higher incidence and mortality rate than other groups, reflecting genetic and possibly access-to-care factors. Having a first-degree relative with prostate cancer also elevates risk, especially if relatives are affected at younger ages or in multiple generations. So the combination of older age, Black ethnicity, and family history correctly identifies known risk factors. The other options mix factors that aren’t known to increase risk in the same clear, established way. Younger age and no family history do not represent risk factors; Asian ethnicity generally has a lower risk compared with Black ethnicity. Regular exercise and a vegetarian diet are typically not risk factors and may be protective. While some studies link high red meat intake to higher risk, it is not a definitive or universal cause, and the statement exaggerates its certainty.

Prostate cancer risk rises with age, is higher in Black men, and increases if there is a family history. As men get older, the likelihood of diagnosis grows, with most cases in later life. Black ethnicity carries a higher incidence and mortality rate than other groups, reflecting genetic and possibly access-to-care factors. Having a first-degree relative with prostate cancer also elevates risk, especially if relatives are affected at younger ages or in multiple generations. So the combination of older age, Black ethnicity, and family history correctly identifies known risk factors.

The other options mix factors that aren’t known to increase risk in the same clear, established way. Younger age and no family history do not represent risk factors; Asian ethnicity generally has a lower risk compared with Black ethnicity. Regular exercise and a vegetarian diet are typically not risk factors and may be protective. While some studies link high red meat intake to higher risk, it is not a definitive or universal cause, and the statement exaggerates its certainty.